2B+History+Summary

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Remember, these are approximate dates:
 * IMPORTANT DATES **

Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome …
 * ANTIQUITY pre 476 **

Gothic 1150 - 1400
 * MIDDLE AGES 476 - 1453 **

Italian Renaissance 1400 - 1520 Mannerism 1520 - 1580 (Reformation 1517) Baroque 1600 - 1700 (Enlightenment 1650) Rococo 1700 - 1775 (Industrial Revolution 1750) Neo-Classicism 1765 - 1850 Romanticism 1765 - 1850 Realism 1840 - 1880
 * RENAISSANCE 1400 - 1870 **

Impressionism 1870 - 1890 Post Impressionism 1885 - 1905 Fauvism 1905 - 1910 Expressionism 1905 - 1925 Cubism 1907 - 1915 Dada 1916 - 1922 Surrealism 1924 - 1939 (Second World War 1939) Abstract Expressionism 1946 - 1956 Pop Art 1954 - 1970
 * MODERNISM 1870 - 1970 **

Next Year …
 * POSTMODERNISM **


 * IMPORTANT CHANGES IN SOCIETY **

ANTIQUITY
 * Polytheism – The belief in many gods
 * Rationalism – Source of knowledge is Science & Philosophy
 * Individualism
 * Beauty – is considered mainly physical

MIDDLE AGES
 * Monotheism – The belief in one god
 * Faith – Source of knowledge is educated clergymen
 * Collectivism (Catholicism)
 * Beauty – is considered mainly spiritual

RENAISSANCE
 * Spread of Authority
 * The Great Schism (1378-1417)
 * The Reformation (Martin Luther 1517)
 * The Counter Reformation (The Council of Trent)
 * Breaking the ‘Sacred Circle’ of Popes and Kings
 * Spread of Ideas
 * Availability of Classical Greek Literature
 * Fall of Constantinople (1453)
 * Classical Scholars moved to Rome
 * Invention of Printing Press (1455)
 * The Enlightenment (The Age of Reason)
 * Scientific method established
 * Newton discovers laws of nature
 * Spread of Wealth
 * Trade with the Orient
 * Wealthy families like the Medici
 * The Industrial Revolution
 * Watt invents the steam engine
 * Rise of the Middle Class

MODERNISM
 * Change in Technology
 * Invention of Photography
 * Invention of Paint Tubes (1840)
 * Invention of Box Easel
 * Understanding of Colour
 * Change in Cultural Values
 * Social Revolutions in Europe (1948)
 * Authority of Academy challenged
 * Subject Matter of The People
 * The Here and Now
 * The Spirit of the Object


 * IMPORTANT CHANGES IN ART **

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE MANNERISM BAROQUE ROCCOCO NEO-CLASSICISM ROMANTICISM REALISM IMPRESSIONISM POST-IMPRESSIONISM
 * Subject Matter
 * Nature
 * The Nude
 * Portrait (realistic)
 * Mythology
 * Depiction of Reality
 * Perspective and Foreshortening
 * Light and Shadow
 * Anatomy
 * Materials and Techniques
 * Oil Paint
 * Canvas
 * Principles of Design
 * Composition
 * Mathematical proportions
 * Balance
 * Unity
 * Individual Stylisation
 * Catholic Italy – Biblical Imagery with greater emotional content
 * Protestant Holland – Still Life, Landscape, Genre Painting
 * Decorative Arts
 * Interior Design
 * Furniture
 * Garden Design
 * Human Achievement
 * Human Wealth


 * IMPORTANT ARTISTS **

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE MANNERISM BAROQUE ROCCOCO NEO-CLASSICISM ROMANTICISM REALISM IMPRESSIONISM POST-IMPRESSIONISM FAUVISM EXPRESSIONISM CUBISM DADA SURREALISM ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM POP ART
 * **Botticelli** (Italy)
 * **Leonardo Da Vinci** (Italy)
 * **Raphael** (Italy)
 * **Michelangelo** (Italy)
 * **Donatello** (Italy)
 * **Michelangelo** (Italy)
 * **Bernini** (Italy)
 * **El** **Greco** (Spain)
 * **Caravaggio** (Italy)
 * **Goya** (Spain)
 * **Durer** (Germany)
 * **Rubens** (Holland)
 * **Vermeer** (Holland)
 * **Rembrandt** (Holland)
 * **Fragonard** (France)
 * **Gainsborough** (England)
 * **Reynolds** (England)
 * **Hogarth** (England)
 * **David** (France)
 * **Ingres** (France)
 * **Delacroix** (France)
 * **Gericault** (France)
 * **Corot** (France)
 * **Courbet** (France)
 * **Manet** (France)
 * **Monet** (France)
 * **Degas** (France)
 * **Renoir** (France)
 * **Sisley** (France)
 * **Pissarro** (France)
 * **Bonnard** (France)
 * **Cezanne** (France)
 * **Gaugin** (France)
 * **Van** **Gogh** (Holland)
 * **Toulouse-Lautrec** (France)
 * **Modigliani** (Italy)
 * **Matisse** (France)
 * **Derain** (France)
 * **Vlaminck** (Holland)
 * **Kandinsky** (Russia)
 * **Munch** (Holland)
 * **Klimt** (Austria)
 * **Schiele** (Austria)
 * **Picasso** (Spain)
 * **Braque** (France)
 * **Duchamp** (France)
 * **Magritte** (France)
 * **Chagall** (France)
 * **Dali** (Spain)
 * **Pollock** (USA)
 * **Rothko** (USA)
 * **De Kooning** (USA)
 * **Kline** (USA)
 * **Warhol** (USA)
 * **Lichtenstein** (USA)
 * **Hockney** (England)